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This calculator is provided as a reference tool for research purposes only. Always follow your institution’s safety protocols when handling research compounds.
SS-31 10mg is a synthetic research peptide studied in relation to mitochondrial membrane biology, cardiolipin research, oxidative stress pathway models, cellular energy signalling and mitochondrial dysfunction research contexts.
SS-31 is also commonly known as elamipretide, MTP-131 or Bendavia. Research literature describes elamipretide as a mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide that binds cardiolipin on the inner mitochondrial membrane. Cardiolipin is a specialised mitochondrial phospholipid involved in mitochondrial structure and electron transport chain function.
This product is supplied for laboratory research use only. It is not a medicine, supplement, mitochondrial support product, anti-ageing product, energy product, recovery product, cardiovascular product or injectable product for human use.
| Product Detail | Information |
|---|---|
| Product name | SS-31 |
| Common research names | Elamipretide, MTP-131, Bendavia |
| Size | 10mg |
| Product type | Research peptide |
| Research category | Mitochondrial Research |
| Common research interest | Cardiolipin binding, mitochondrial membrane research, oxidative stress pathway models |
| Peptide type | Synthetic mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide |
| Form | Lyophilised powder |
| Intended use | Laboratory research only |
| Human use | Not for human consumption, administration, cardiovascular use, anti-ageing or injection |
| Documentation | Certificate of Analysis should be checked before use |
| Component | Research Class | General Research Role |
| SS-31 | Synthetic mitochondrial research peptide | Studied in relation to mitochondrial membrane and cardiolipin pathway research |
| Elamipretide | Alternative research name for SS-31 | Common name used in clinical and mitochondrial research literature |
| MTP-131 / Bendavia | Development and research names | Used in earlier mitochondrial dysfunction research contexts |
| Tetrapeptide structure | Short synthetic peptide | Studied for mitochondrial targeting and membrane interaction research |
| Molecular formula | C32H49N9O5 | Listed in PubChem for elamipretide |
| Molecular weight | Approximately 639.8 g/mol | Useful for laboratory concentration and molar calculation planning |
| Lyophilised peptide preparation | Freeze-dried peptide format | Supports stability before reconstitution when stored correctly |
PubChem lists elamipretide with the molecular formula C32H49N9O5 and molecular weight of approximately 639.8 g/mol. Product identity, salt form, purity and batch information should always be confirmed through supplier documentation and the Certificate of Analysis.
SS-31 is studied as a mitochondria-targeted peptide with research interest around cardiolipin binding and inner mitochondrial membrane biology.
Cardiolipin is important in mitochondrial research because it helps maintain mitochondrial membrane structure and supports electron transport chain function. SS-31 is commonly examined for how its interaction with cardiolipin may influence mitochondrial membrane organisation, oxidative stress models, ATP-related pathway research and cellular stress response.
A recent review describes elamipretide as a mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide designed around cardiolipin interaction on the inner mitochondrial membrane. This should be understood as research literature context only, not as a claim that a research-use SS-31 10mg vial is approved, safe or effective for human mitochondrial support, anti-ageing, recovery or disease treatment.
| Research Area | SS-31 |
| Main research category | Mitochondrial peptide research |
| Common research names | Elamipretide, MTP-131, Bendavia |
| Peptide length | Tetrapeptide |
| Main pathway interest | Cardiolipin and inner mitochondrial membrane research |
| Mitochondrial interest | Electron transport chain, membrane structure and oxidative stress pathway models |
| Cellular stress interest | Mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular protection research models |
| Evidence limitation | Laboratory, preclinical and investigational medicine research context |
| Product limitation | Research use only, not approved for human use |
| Feature | SS-31 | MOTS-C |
| Research class | Mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide | Mitochondrial-derived peptide |
| Common research name | Elamipretide | Mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA type-c |
| Main research focus | Cardiolipin and inner mitochondrial membrane research | AMPK, cellular energy and metabolic stress-response research |
| Structure | Synthetic tetrapeptide | 16-amino-acid mitochondrial-derived peptide |
| Common SEO risk | Being marketed as anti-ageing, heart health or mitochondrial support | Being marketed as energy, endurance or anti-ageing |
| Safer positioning | Cardiolipin and mitochondrial membrane research peptide | Mitochondrial-derived peptide research |
| Feature | SS-31 | NAD+ Research Products |
| Research category | Mitochondrial membrane peptide research | Cellular metabolism and redox pathway research |
| Main research interest | Cardiolipin, inner mitochondrial membrane and oxidative stress models | NAD+ metabolism, redox signalling and cellular energy pathways |
| Product type | Peptide | Nucleotide/coenzyme-style research compound |
| Common overlap | Mitochondrial and cellular energy research | Mitochondrial and metabolic research |
| Safer positioning | Mitochondrial cardiolipin research peptide | NAD+ pathway research product |
| Common Online Claim | Safer Research-Use Wording |
| Mitochondrial support | Studied in relation to cardiolipin and mitochondrial membrane research |
| Anti-ageing | Not an approved or appropriate product claim |
| More energy | Better framed as mitochondrial energy pathway research |
| Heart health | Better framed as cardiolipin and mitochondrial dysfunction research models |
| Recovery | Not an approved or appropriate product claim |
| Oxidative stress support | Studied in oxidative stress pathway research models |
| Performance enhancement | Not an approved or appropriate product claim |
| Longevity | Better framed as ageing-related mitochondrial pathway research, not a human benefit claim |
SS-31 10mg is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. It is not supplied for mitochondrial support, anti-ageing, longevity, cardiovascular support, energy enhancement, cognitive support, recovery, endurance, fat loss, bodybuilding, performance enhancement or general wellness use.
All information on this page is provided for laboratory research and product handling context only.
There is no universal recommended dilution for SS-31 10mg. Dilution depends on the research protocol, required working concentration, assay design, solvent compatibility, storage method and validated laboratory procedure.
For research concentration planning only, the basic formula is:
Total peptide amount divided by diluent volume equals final concentration.
| Diluent Added to 10mg Vial | Final Concentration |
| 1mL | 10mg/mL |
| 2mL | 5mg/mL |
| 2.5mL | 4mg/mL |
| 3mL | 3.33mg/mL |
| 4mL | 2.5mg/mL |
| 5mL | 2mg/mL |
| 10mL | 1mg/mL |
These are research concentration examples only. They are not human dosing instructions and must not be used to calculate injection quantities.
Before handling SS-31 10mg in a laboratory setting, make sure all materials, documentation and clean handling conditions are prepared.
| Item | Purpose |
| Product vial | Contains lyophilised SS-31 peptide |
| Certificate of Analysis | Confirms batch-level testing information |
| Suitable research-grade diluent | Used to prepare a working research solution |
| Sterile lab consumables | Helps reduce contamination risk |
| Personal protective equipment | Gloves, lab coat and eye protection |
| Alcohol wipes or approved disinfectant | Used for surface and vial-top preparation |
| Laboratory labels | Records concentration, date, batch and handler details |
| Cold storage access | Supports correct storage after preparation |
| Disposal container | Used for compliant laboratory waste disposal |
The following is a general laboratory handling framework only. Always follow the product Certificate of Analysis, supplier documentation, SDS, institutional procedures and validated research protocol.
Check the product label, batch number, Certificate of Analysis and storage requirements before handling the vial.
Use a clean laboratory workspace. Wear appropriate PPE and disinfect the bench surface, vial top and any required equipment.
If the vial has been stored cold, allow it to equilibrate according to laboratory procedure before opening or reconstitution. Avoid condensation entering the vial.
Add the selected research-grade diluent slowly down the inside wall of the vial. Avoid forceful spraying directly onto the lyophilised powder.
Gently swirl or roll the vial until the powder is dissolved. Avoid aggressive shaking, unnecessary vortexing or foaming unless a validated protocol specifically allows it.
Check the solution for cloudiness, visible particles, unusual colour changes or undissolved material. If anything appears abnormal, quarantine the vial and check supplier documentation.
Label the vial or aliquots with the product name, concentration, diluent used, date prepared, batch number and researcher initials.
Place the reconstituted solution into the required storage condition as soon as possible. Avoid unnecessary warming, cooling or repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Some lyophilised peptide products may take time to fully hydrate. Dissolution should always be handled gently and according to laboratory protocol.
| Issue | What It May Indicate | Safer Response |
| Powder clinging to vial wall | Static or lyophilisation residue | Allow more contact time with diluent |
| Small particles remain | Incomplete hydration | Continue gentle swirling |
| Cloudy solution | Possible incompatibility or contamination | Stop and check documentation |
| Foaming | Too much agitation | Let the solution settle and avoid shaking |
| Colour change | Possible degradation or contamination | Do not continue without supplier guidance |
| Storage Factor | Guidance |
| Product form | Lyophilised powder |
| Storage condition | Follow supplier label and Certificate of Analysis |
| Light exposure | Protect from unnecessary light exposure |
| Moisture exposure | Keep sealed until use |
| Temperature changes | Avoid repeated temperature cycling |
| Handling | Minimise unnecessary opening or vial puncture |
| Storage Factor | Guidance |
| Storage condition | Follow validated research protocol |
| Labelling | Record concentration, date, diluent and batch number |
| Freeze-thaw cycles | Avoid repeated freeze-thaw exposure |
| Aliquoting | Use small research aliquots where appropriate |
| Contamination control | Use clean laboratory technique |
| Light exposure | Protect from unnecessary light exposure where required |
| Disposal | Dispose according to laboratory waste procedures |
Peptides may be sensitive to temperature, light, pH, agitation and contamination. Storage conditions should be confirmed through supplier documentation or the laboratory’s validated method.
This page does not provide human dosing, injection instructions, injection schedules or administration guidance.
SS-31 10mg is not supplied for human or animal administration. It is a laboratory research-use product only.
For research settings, any measured aliquots should be prepared according to the concentration required by the approved research protocol. All calculations should be checked, documented and traceable.
| Planning Item | What to Record |
| Final concentration | Total peptide amount and diluent volume |
| Working solution | Concentration used in the research protocol |
| Aliquot volume | Volume transferred into each labelled lab tube |
| Batch details | Product batch, CoA and preparation date |
| Storage location | Fridge, freezer or other controlled storage area |
| Handler details | Researcher name or initials |
| Preparation date | Date and time of reconstitution |
| Disposal date | When the aliquot should no longer be used |
| Strength check | Confirmation that the 10mg vial strength matches the approved research protocol |
Correct handling is important for research consistency, contamination control and product traceability. Most mistakes occur when products are not labelled clearly, concentration calculations are not recorded or storage conditions are not followed.
Because SS-31 is commonly discussed online in relation to mitochondrial support, anti-ageing, cardiovascular research and recovery, product pages should avoid wording that could be interpreted as encouraging human self-use, injection, longevity use or treatment use.
| Always | Why It Matters |
| Check the Certificate of Analysis | Confirms batch-level information |
| Use PPE | Reduces contamination and exposure risk |
| Label every vial and aliquot | Prevents mix-ups |
| Record concentration calculations | Supports traceability |
| Use clean laboratory technique | Reduces contamination risk |
| Follow institutional protocols | Keeps handling consistent and auditable |
| Store according to documentation | Helps protect peptide integrity |
| Dispose of lab waste correctly | Supports safety and compliance |
| Use research-use wording only | Reduces misleading human-use interpretation |
| Clearly separate research pathways from human benefit claims | Avoids unsafe or misleading product positioning |
| Never | Why It Is Risky |
| Never use for self-injection | Product is research use only |
| Never sell or promote as a mitochondrial support product | Creates human-use and compliance risk |
| Never make anti-ageing or longevity claims | Not an approved or appropriate product claim |
| Never make cardiovascular treatment claims | Not an approved or appropriate product claim |
| Never make recovery or energy claims | Not an approved or appropriate product claim |
| Never describe it as a disease treatment | Misleading and not appropriate for research-use material |
| Never assume purity without CoA | Batch quality must be documented |
| Never use a damaged or unlabelled vial | Identity and sterility may be uncertain |
| Never shake aggressively | May affect peptide integrity |
| Never use random solvents | May damage the peptide or alter research results |
| Never leave reconstituted product unlabelled | Creates traceability risk |
| Never rely on social media protocols | They may be inaccurate, unsafe or non-compliant |
The table below is for concentration planning only. It does not represent dosage, injection quantity or recommended administration.
| Total Vial Amount | Diluent Volume | Final Concentration |
| 10mg | 1mL | 10mg/mL |
| 10mg | 2mL | 5mg/mL |
| 10mg | 2.5mL | 4mg/mL |
| 10mg | 3mL | 3.33mg/mL |
| 10mg | 4mL | 2.5mg/mL |
| 10mg | 5mL | 2mg/mL |
| 10mg | 10mL | 1mg/mL |
If a researcher adds 2mL of suitable research-grade diluent to a 10mg vial, the resulting concentration is 5mg/mL.
This calculation is for research concentration planning only. It is not a human or animal dosing example.
SS-31 is a synthetic mitochondria-targeted research peptide also known as elamipretide, MTP-131 or Bendavia. It is studied in relation to cardiolipin, inner mitochondrial membrane biology, oxidative stress pathway models and mitochondrial dysfunction research.
Yes. SS-31 is commonly known as elamipretide in research literature. Other names include MTP-131 and Bendavia. PubChem lists elamipretide as an oligopeptide with the molecular formula C32H49N9O5.
SS-31 is commonly studied in relation to cardiolipin on the inner mitochondrial membrane. Research reviews describe cardiolipin as important for mitochondrial structure and electron transport chain function.
No. This research product is not approved or supplied for mitochondrial support, anti-ageing, recovery, cardiovascular support, energy enhancement, performance, longevity or human use. It should be described only as a laboratory research product.
No. SS-31 is a mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide commonly discussed in relation to cardiolipin and the inner mitochondrial membrane. MOTS-C is a mitochondrial-derived peptide studied in relation to AMPK and cellular energy pathway research.
No. SS-31 is a peptide used in mitochondrial membrane research. NAD+ is a separate cellular metabolism and redox pathway research compound. They may both appear in mitochondrial research discussions, but they are different product types.
A Certificate of Analysis provides batch-level testing information. It helps researchers verify product identity, purity, salt form and quality documentation before use in a research setting.
| Resource | Why It Is Useful |
| PubChem Elamipretide compound profile | Useful background on SS-31 identity, synonyms, molecular formula and molecular weight. |
| Elamipretide structure and mechanism review | Useful background on SS-31, cardiolipin binding and mitochondrial membrane research. |
| MDPI elamipretide review | Useful additional background on elamipretide as a mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide. |
Research Use Only: SS-31 10mg is supplied strictly for laboratory research purposes. It is not intended for human or animal consumption, injection, therapeutic use, cosmetic use, diagnostic use, mitochondrial support, cardiovascular support, energy enhancement, recovery, anti-ageing, longevity, bodybuilding, body enhancement or performance enhancement. Information on this page is provided for research education and product handling context only. Always follow applicable laws, institutional procedures, supplier documentation and qualified laboratory protocols.
